Bell Telephone Laboratories

About

The research and development arm of the Bell System, among the most productive industrial laboratories in history.

Role in innovation

Where the transistor was invented (1947–48) and where information theory, the laser, the solar cell, Unix, and much more originated — a defining example of organization-led invention.

Associated inventions

• The Transistor

Sources & further reading

Each citation names the publisher and the exact reference title.

• Engineering and Technology History Wiki (ETHW)IEEE / United Engineering Foundation · Professional body
• The Nobel Prize in Physics 1956 — Shockley, Bardeen & Brattain (transistor)The Nobel Prize · Professional body

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